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Philosophy of Science RSS FeedsWarning: MagpieRSS: Failed to fetch http://www.cool-collection.com/connect/rsssource.php?item=Philosophy (Request timed out after 5 seconds) in /home/cool/public_html/connect/magpierss/rss_fetch.inc on line 238 Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/cool/public_html/connect/index.php on line 145 This Week in Science - Turn of the Screw | Nonlinear Quantum Fluids | Follow the Moving Polymer Chains | What We Will Reap | Evolution of Darwin's Thinking | Chromatin and Stemness | Retinal Protection | Tassel Tussle | Hole in Two | Paradoxical Producers | Black and White Reaction? | Fixing Nitrogen | Minimizing Metallic Carbon Nanotubes | CD30-ARNT Interaction | Expanding the Code | Intoxicating AMPylation... Feed Source: www.sciencemag.org Editors' Choice - VIROLOGY: Vaccine Takes a Toll | CELL BIOLOGY: Reaching Out to the Other Side | DEVELOPMENT: Queen of Decay | CHEMISTRY: Reactive Channels | DEVELOPMENT: Budding Blood Cells | ANIMAL BEHAVIOR: Bee Raves | APPLIED PHYSICS: Holey Different Films... Random Samples - GIVING WALLACE HIS DUE | SCIENCE AND THE CITY | GO, YANKEE PHYSICS | THE PRIESTESS'S TALE... Newsmakers - THREE Q'S | TWO CULTURES | ON CAMPUS | SCIENCE AND SOCIETY... [EDITORIAL] A Celebration and a Challenge - Authors: Andrew Sugden, Brooks Hanson, Elizabeth Pennisi, Elizabeth Culotta... [NEWS] CONSERVATION: Scientists Laud Bush's Blue Legacy But Want More - Setting a middle course between the wishes of marine biologists and the concerns of the Pentagon and recreational fishers, President George W. Bush this week dusted off a little-used law for the second time in his Administration to protect swaths of ocean totaling an area the size of Spain.Author: Christopher Pala... [NEWS] CLIMATE CHANGE: Higher Temperatures Seen Reducing Global Harvests - In a paper appearing on page 240 of this week's issue of Science, researchers apply 23 global climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to estimate end-of-century temperatures. Their conclusions with regard to agriculture are sobering.Author: Constance Holden... [NEWS] U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY: A New Spy Agency Asks Academics for Help in Meeting Its Mission - In a rare interview, Lisa Porter, the director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency, discussed the agency's progress and plans with Science.Author: Yudhijit Bhattacharjee... [NEWS] NEUROSCIENCE: Brain Scans of Pain Raise Questions for the Law - Neuroimaging is knocking on the courthouse door. But although certain brain regions consistently rev up when people experience pain, neuroscientists have yet to demonstrate that the converse is true: that any particular pattern of brain activity necessarily indicates the presence of pain.Author: Greg Miller... [NEWS] MICROBIOLOGY: TB Bacteria May Reign Over Cells Intended to Bridle Them - Researchers report this week that rather than protecting the host as conventional wisdom holds, the hallmark tuberculosis lesions called granulomas in fact promote bacterial multiplication early in infection.Author: Evelyn Strauss... [NEWS] PARTICLE PHYSICS: Indian Neutrino Detector Hits Snag on Environmental Concerns - Concerns about the well-being of elephants have so far blocked plans for the $167 million India-based Neutrino Observatory, which would tune in to the lightest known fundamental particles.Author: Pallava Bagla... [NEWS FOCUS] EVOLUTIONARY ROOTS: On the Origin of Life on Earth - In the first of a monthly series of essays celebrating the Year of Darwin, Carl Zimmer discusses attempts to unravel how life originated on Earth by recreating the process in the laboratory.Author: Carl Zimmer... [NEWS FOCUS] ARCHAEOLOGY: Seeking Africa's First Iron Men - Archaeologists are battling over when--and how--ancient African cultures entered the Iron Age.Author: Heather Pringle... [NEWS FOCUS] BIOMEDICINE: A New View on--and Hope for--an Old Disease - Researchers are debating whether growths called tubers cause the mental problems in many people with tuberous sclerosis. Regardless, an organ-transplant drug may offer a treatment for the rare disease.Author: Lauren Cahoon... [NEWS FOCUS] BIOMEDICINE: A Discriminating Killer - One of tuberous sclerosis complex's most mysterious manifestations is lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a progressive lung disease that only affects women and typically proves fatal within a decade or two of its diagnosis.Author: Lauren Cahoon... [LETTERS] Unsung Hero Robert C. Gallo - Authors: Giovanni Abbadessa, Roberto Accolla, Fernando Aiuti, Adriana Albini, Anna Aldovini, Massimo Alfano, Guido Antonelli, Courtenay Bartholomew, Zvi Bentwich, Umberto Bertazzoni, Jay A. Berzofsky, Peter Biberfeld, Enzo Boeri, Luigi Buonaguro, Franco M. Buonaguro, Michael Bukrinsky, Arsène Burny, Arnaldo Caruso, Sharon Cassol, Prakash Chandra, Luca Ceccherini-Nelli, Luigi Chieco-Bianchi, Mario Clerici, Sandra Colombini-Hatch, Carlo de Giuli Mo... [LETTERS] An Award for Science Is an Obsolete Notion - Author: Marvin Gozum... [LETTERS] The Time to Demand Funding - Authors: Craig C. Mello, John V. Walsh... [LETTERS] Autistic Phenotype from MEF2C Knockout Cells - Authors: Stuart A. Lipton, Hao Li, Jeffrey D. Zaremba, Scott R. Mckercher, Jiankun Cui, Yeon-Joo Kang, Zhiguo Nie, Walid Soussou, Maria Talantova, Shu-Ichi Okamoto, Nobuki Nakanishi... [LETTERS] Science Should Stick to Science - Author: Ann Marie Thro... [LETTERS] Science Careers: Where Does Advocacy Fit? - Author: Jason Yang... [LETTERS] Unintended Consequences at NIH - Author: Thomas E. Decoursey... [BOOKS ET AL.] SCIENCE AND THE LAW: Grappling with the Gulf - The contributors offer an introductory survey of 13 applied scientific disciplines from the perspective of their uses in legal matters.Authors: Dov Greenbaum, Mark Gerstein... [POLICY FORUM] ECONOMICS: Trade Liberalization and Economic Development - Across-the-board trade liberalization often impedes, rather than fosters, development in the poorest countries.Authors: Jomo Kwame Sundaram, Rudiger von Arnim... [PERSPECTIVES] PHYSICS: When Infinity Does Not Count - A transformation of variables overcomes fundamental difficulties in formulating a unified theory of one-dimensional quantum fluids.Author: Vadim V. Cheianov... [PERSPECTIVES] MATERIALS SCIENCE: Unjamming a Polymer Glass - Small probes reveal that glass can melt in different ways.Author: David A. Weitz... [PERSPECTIVES] BEHAVIOR: Surprising Emotions - Why are our predictions of how we'll feel or act sometimes wrong?Authors: Eliot R. Smith, Diane M. Mackie... [PERSPECTIVES] CHEMISTRY: Extending Polymer Conjugation into the Second Dimension - Crystal surface templates may improve the electronic properties of conjugated polymers by linking them into two-dimensional networks.Authors: Dmitrii F. Perepichka, Federico Rosei... [PERSPECTIVES] GEOCHEMISTRY: The Descent of Minerals - The appearance of minerals during Earth history is closely linked to biological evolution.Authors: Crisogono Vasconcelos, Judith A. McKenzie... [PERSPECTIVES] OCEAN SCIENCE: Old New Nitrogen - During the last glacial period, both nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates are likely to have been much lower than they are today.Author: Joseph P. Montoya... [PERSPECTIVES] DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Pluripotent Chromatin State - Chromatin in pluripotent embryonic stem cells may act as a buffer to transcriptional noise.Authors: Andrew S. Chi, Bradley E. Bernstein... [PERSPECTIVES] DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Histone Cross-Talk in Stem Cells - Specificity of gene regulation in stem cells may occur at the level of ubiquitin signaling to chromatin.Authors: Edwin Smith, Ali Shilatifard... [REVIEWS] Darwin?s Originality - Author: Peter J. Bowler... [BREVIA] Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen? - Bats that died en masse in New York state while they were hibernating were infected with a cold-tolerant fungus. Authors: David S. Blehert, Alan C. Hicks, Melissa Behr, Carol U. Meteyer, Brenda M. Berlowski-Zier, Elizabeth L. Buckles, Jeremy T. H. Coleman, Scott R. Darling, Andrea Gargas, Robyn Niver, Joseph C. Okoniewski, Robert J. Rudd, Ward B. Stone... [REPORTS] Universal Theory of Nonlinear Luttinger Liquids - A theory of one-dimensional quantum liquids is generalized from linear interactions among particles to nonlinear ones, affecting, for example, predicted tunneling dynamics. Authors: Adilet Imambekov, Leonid I. Glazman... [REPORTS] Direct Measurement of Molecular Mobility in Actively Deformed Polymer Glasses - Optical bleaching of a dilute molecular probe shows that when a rubbery polymer begins to flow, polymer chains become more mobile than predicted from a classical model. Authors: Hau-Nan Lee, Keewook Paeng, Stephen F. Swallen, M. D. Ediger... [REPORTS] Suppression of Metallic Conductivity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Cycloaddition Reactions - Reacting carbon nanotubes with fluorinated olefins suppresses the conductivity of the metallic tubes without affecting semiconducting tubes. Authors: Mandakini Kanungo, Helen Lu, George G. Malliaras, Graciela B. Blanchet... [REPORTS] Self-Organization of a Mesoscale Bristle into Ordered, Hierarchical Helical Assemblies - Evaporating an organic liquid from the tips of polymer pillars can induce them to form helical structures. Authors: Boaz Pokroy, Sung H. Kang, L. Mahadevan, Joanna Aizenberg... [REPORTS] Historical Warnings of Future Food Insecurity with Unprecedented Seasonal Heat - By analogy with past examples, higher growing season temperatures and extreme heat will cause major disruptions to global agriculture. Authors: David. S. Battisti, Rosamond L. Naylor... [REPORTS] Foraminiferal Isotope Evidence of Reduced Nitrogen Fixation in the Ice Age Atlantic Ocean - Nitrogen fixation in the tropical Atlantic increased during deglaciation and, along with increased denitrification, helped to stabilize the ocean nitrogen reservoir. Authors: H. Ren, D. M. Sigman, A. N. Meckler, B. Plessen, R. S. Robinson, Y. Rosenthal, G. H. Haug... [REPORTS] Drosophila Stem Cells Share a Common Requirement for the Histone H2B Ubiquitin Protease Scrawny - Stem cells in the germ line, epithelium, and intestine all require a particular modification of histone H2B to repress key differentiation genes and maintain pluripotency. Authors: Michael Buszczak, Shelley Paterno, Allan C. Spradling... [REPORTS] The Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator Alters CD30-Mediated NF-?B?Dependent Transcription - Signals from a cancer-associated receptor that activate a key pathway in the immune system are modulated by its binding to a stress-responsive transcription factor. Authors: Casey W. Wright, Colin S. Duckett... [REPORTS] HDAC4 Regulates Neuronal Survival in Normal and Diseased Retinas - An enzyme that deacetylates histones in the nucleus also functions in the cytoplasm to promote the survival of retinal neurons in mice. Authors: Bo Chen, Constance L. Cepko... [REPORTS] Genetic Code Supports Targeted Insertion of Two Amino Acids by One Codon - One codon can code for two different amino acids within the same gene, with the choice determined by an RNA structure in an untranslated region. Authors: Anton A. Turanov, Alexey V. Lobanov, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Hilary G. Morrison, Mitchell L. Sogin, Lawrence A. Klobutcher, Dolph L. Hatfield, Vadim N. Gladyshev... [REPORTS] tasselseed1 Is a Lipoxygenase Affecting Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Sex Determination of Maize - A gene that controls male floral development in maize is involved in synthesis of a hormone that suppresses female organ development. Authors: Iván F. Acosta, Hélène Laparra, Sandra P. Romero, Eric Schmelz, Mats Hamberg, John P. Mottinger, Maria A. Moreno, Stephen L. Dellaporta... [REPORTS] Structure of a Type IV Secretion System Core Complex - The structure of a bacterial secretion complex suggests how Gram-negative bacteria might regulate the transfer of certain virulence factors. Authors: Rémi Fronzes, Eva Schäfer, Luchun Wang, Helen R. Saibil, Elena V. Orlova, Gabriel Waksman... [REPORTS] AMPylation of Rho GTPases by Vibrio VopS Disrupts Effector Binding and Downstream Signaling - A GI-active pathogen destroys intestinal cells, in part by improperly modifying a host signaling protein, causing loss of cell shape and contributing to cell death. Authors: Melanie L. Yarbrough, Yan Li, Lisa N. Kinch, Nick V. Grishin, Haydn L. Ball, Kim Orth... [REPORTS] Simpson?s Paradox in a Synthetic Microbial System - Stochastic fluctuations in the population structure of microorganisms can allow a disadvantaged subpopulation to be maintained. Authors: John S. Chuang, Olivier Rivoire, Stanislas Leibler... [REPORTS] Mispredicting Affective and Behavioral Responses to Racism - People predict that they will feel worse after witnessing a racist comment than they actually do. Authors: Kerry Kawakami, Elizabeth Dunn, Francine Karmali, John F. Dovidio... 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